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Base N to 10 Conversion Class - PHP (Base 62 Implementation)

Posted under PHP, Programming, Web Development by Kenny on Tuesday 31 August 2010 at 7:11 pm

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This class can be used convert a base N number into base 10, and back. (Which makes it ideal for usage in technologies such as URL shorteners.)

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<?php
/**
 * BNID - Base N <=> 10 converter
 *
 * @author kenny cason
 * @site www.ken-soft.com
 */
class BNID {
        // Alphabet of Base N (This is a Base 62 Implementation)
        var $bN = array(
            '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
            'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
            'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z'
        );
 
       // Alphabet of Base 86 (comment out the B62 array and comment this to try it out)
       /*var $bN = array(
            '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
            'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
            'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
	    '-','+','_','%','|','@','!','$','*','~','`','#','(',')','=','&','[',']','{','}','<','>',':',';'
        );*/
 
        var $baseN;
 
        function __construct() {
            $this->baseN = count($this->bN);
        }
 
        // convert base 10 to base N
        function base10ToN($b10num=0) {
            $bNnum = "";
            do {
                $bNnum = $this->bN[$b10num % $this->baseN] . $bNnum;
                $b10num /= $this->baseN;
            } while($b10num >= 1);     
            return $bNnum;
        }
 
        // convert base N to base 10
        function baseNTo10($bNnum = "") {
           $b10num = 0;
            $len = strlen($bNnum);
            for($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
                $val = array_keys($this->bN, substr($bNnum, $i, 1));
                $b10num += $val[0] * pow($this->baseN, $len - $i - 1);
            }
            return $b10num;
        }
 
}
/*
// test, uncomment and call this script to demonstrate it's functionality
$conv = new BNID();
$max = pow($conv->baseN, 2);
for($i = 0; $i <= $max; $i++) {
    echo $conv->base10ToN($i).", ";
}
echo "<br/><br/>";
for($i = 0; $i <= $max; $i++) {
    $x = $conv->base10ToN($i);
    echo $conv->baseNTo10($x).", ";
}
*/
?>

If you want to use this as a URL shortener, below is a quick demo of how to use URL Rewrite to accept www.page.com/ and forward it to some page to process the ID (i.e. convert to base 10 ID and query a URL from the Database using the ID). The below implementation will work for a base 62 alphabet comprised of [0-9][A-Z][a-z], which is the demo I posted.
place the below text in .htaccess in your websites root directory

Options +FollowSymlinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteBase /yourrootdirectory/
RewriteRule ^(([A-Z]*[a-z]*[0-9]*)*)$ main.php?b62id=$1 [L,QSA]

So it should take a domain www.abc.com, if you specify www.abc.com/zA4F, it would forward to www.abc.com/main.php?id=14576711
Here is a sample Demohttp://www.ken-soft.com/code/php/baseconvert/AABCz23

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Create a Multilingual Website in PHP using a MySQL database

Posted under Language Software, PHP, Programming, Software Development, Web Development by Kenny on Tuesday 12 January 2010 at 3:32 pm

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In a previous post I showed how to make a simple multilingual website using a hash array. This post will demonstrate how to design a multilingual website in PHP backed by a MySQL database. To see a simple demo open the following link HERE

1. Create the DataBase
First create a MySQL Database called language (or whatever you want). Next, copy the below code into a file (language.sql) and import into your database (import as utf8). You can of course also enter the commands manually. Each language is in it’s own database and has a charset of utf8 to support multiple languages. Every ‘text’ entry is referenced by a corresponding ‘textid’. The textid, for example ‘FNAME’ will appear in each database, but will correspond to a different word depending on the langauge.

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CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `languages` (
  `lang` varchar(255)  NOT NULL,
  `description` varchar(255)   NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
 
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lang_en` (
  `textid` varchar(255) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `text` longtext charset utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
 
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lang_jp` (
  `textid` varchar(255) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `text` longtext charset utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
 
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lang_zh` (
  `textid` varchar(255) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `text` longtext charset utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
 
INSERT INTO `languages` (`lang`,`description`) VALUES ('en','English'),('jp','Japanese'),('zh','Chinese');
 
INSERT INTO `lang_en` (`textid`,`text`) VALUES ('FNAME','First Name'),('LNAME','Last Name'),('SUBMIT','Submit'),('LANG_EN','English'),('LANG_JP','Japanese'),('LANG_ZH','Chinese');
INSERT INTO `lang_jp` (`textid`,`text`) VALUES ('FNAME','名'),('LNAME','姓'),('SUBMIT','確認'),('LANG_EN','英語'),('LANG_JP','日本語'),('LANG_ZH','中国語');
INSERT INTO `lang_zh` (`textid`,`text`) VALUES ('FNAME','名'),('LNAME','姓'),('SUBMIT','确定'),('LANG_EN','英语'),('LANG_JP','日语'),('LANG_ZH','中文简体');

2. Create Language Class in PHP
The below class is just one implementation, so feel free to customize this however you want to fit your needs. Note the usage of the default language. I implement this just in case a user stumbles across a page where the text is not translated so that it can resort to a default. Some text looks better than none :) Having everything in one function get() makes it easy for me to affect all the text on the whole website at once. It also allows me to later add in a “Suggest better translation ” button, or any other number of features that you wish.

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<?php
/**
 * Small Wrapper class to manage Languages stored in a MySQL DB
 * Extended functionality will be added soon
 * @author Kenny Cason
 * @site www.ken-soft.com
 */
class Language {
 
    var $defaultlang = "en";	// Default Language
 
    var $languages = array("en");
 
    // mysqli instance;
    var $db;
 
    function __construct($db="", $defaultlang="") {
        if($db != "") {
            $this->db = $db;
        } else {
            $this->db = new mysqli();
        }
        if($defaultlang != "") {
            $this->defaultlang = $defaultlang;
        }
        $this->languages = $this->getLanguageIDs();
    }
 
    /**
     * Get text from DB given a specific Text ID and Language
     */
    public function get($textid, $langid="") {
        if($langid == "") {
            $langid = $this->defaultlang;
        }
      	$query = "SELECT text FROM lang_$langid WHERE textid='$textid'";
        $result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error());
        $row = mysql_fetch_array($result);
        $text = $row[0];
        if($langid == $this->defaultlang) {  // if language is default, return the langauge unchecked.
            return $text;
        } else {
            if($text != "") { // Is text field un-translated? (i.e. not empty string)
                return $text;
            } else { // If not, query using default language
                return $this->get($textid, $this->defaultlang);
            }
        }
        return "";
    }
 
    /**
     * Return an Array of Language IDs of each language in the Database
     */
    public function getLanguageIDs() {
        $languages = array();
        $sql = "SELECT lang FROM languages";
        $result = mysql_query($sql);
        $i = 0;
        while($row = mysql_fetch_array( $result )) {
            $languages[$i] = $row[0];
            $i++;
        }
        return $languages;
    }
 
    /**
     * Return an Array of Descriptions of each language in the Database.
     */
    public function getLanguageDescriptions() {
        $languagesDesc = array();
        $sql = "SELECT description FROM languages";
        $result = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
        $i = 0;
        while($row = mysql_fetch_array( $result )) {
            $languagesDesc[$i] = $row[0];
            $i++;
        }
        return $languagesDesc;
    }
 
    /**
     * Delete a Text ID from all Language Tables
     * @param $textid
     */
    public function deleteTextID($textid) {
        if($textid != "") {
            $numLanguages = count($this->languages);
            for($i = 0; $i < $numLanguages; $i++) {
                $sql = "DELETE FROM lang_".$this->languages[$i]." WHERE textid='$textid'";
                $result = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
            }
            $status = "Deleted TextID ".$textid;
        }
        return $status;
    }
 
    /**
     * Update Text for a specific Language
     * @param $langid
     * @param $textid
     * @param $text
     */
    public function updateText($langid, $textid, $text) {
        if($langid != "" && $textid != "" && $text != "") {
            $sql = "UPDATE lang_$langid SET text='$text' WHERE textid='$textid' ";
            $result = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
            $status = "Updated Entry";
        }
	return $status;
    }
 
    /**
     * Delete a Language from the Database
     * @param $langid
     */
    public function deleteLanguage($langid) {
    	if($langid != "") {
            $sql = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS lang_".$langid;
            $result = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
            $sql = "DELETE FROM languages WHERE lang='$langid'";
            $result = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
        }
	return "Deleted Language Table ".$langid;
    }
 
    /**
     * Add TextID field to all language databases
     * @param $textid
     */
    public function addTextID($textid) {
        $numLanguages = count($this->languages);
        for($i = 0; $i < $numLanguages; $i++) {
            $status = $status.$this->languages[$i];
            $sql = "INSERT INTO lang_".$this->languages[$i]." (`textid`, `text`) VALUES ('$textid', '')";
            $result = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
        }
        $status = $status."Added Text ID";
        return $status;
    }
 
    /**
     * Add a new Language
     * @paam $langID is typically a 2 letter ID (English is 'en', Japanese is 'jp')
     * The created database is 'lang_$langID' (lang_en, lang_jp)
     * @param $langDesc is the Description for the language.
     */
    public function addLanguage($langid, $langdesc) {
    	if($langid != "" && $langdesc != "") {
            $sql = "INSERT INTO languages (`lang`, `description`) VALUES ('$langid', '$langdesc')";
            $result = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
            $sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lang_$langid` (
        	`textid` varchar(255) collate latin1_general_ci NOT NULL,
                `text` longtext charset utf8 collate utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL
		) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;";
            $result = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
            $sql = "SELECT textid FROM lang_en";
            $result = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
            while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
                $sql = "INSERT INTO lang_$langid (`textid`, `text`) VALUES ('$row[0]', '')";
        	$result2 = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error());
            }
            $status = "Added Language";
	}
        return $status;
    }
 
}
?>

3. Put everything together
Finally we will create our index.php file to demonstrate how to use everything. In the beginning of the code connect to the Database of your choice. For the purpose of this simple demo the language parameter ($lang) can be passed to the page, and is English (en) by default. This could ideally be queried from the users profile, etc. Also notice that each time you want to print text just call the appropriate function in the Language class. The below example demonstrates to ways to print the Japanese text (名) referred to by the textid FNAME

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$lang = "jp" // Japanese
// create a new Langauge Object
$obj_lang = new Language($db);
echo $obj_lang->get('FNAME', $lang);

Two other VERY IMPORTANT lines are:

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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>

Set the page incoding to UTF-8.

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$db->set_charset('utf8');

AND, set the charset for your mysql queries. Otherwise you’ll get a bunch of “?”’s and likely wonder what it is your doing wrong… or at least I did. :P
Here is the whole index.php

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<?php
require_once("Language.php");
 
// connect to a MySql DB, usually have a seperate file, or DB class to do this.
$DB_HOST = '<HOSTNAME>';
$DB_USER = '<USERNAME>';
$DB_PASSWORD = '<PASSWORD>';
$DB_DATABASE = 'language';
$DB_PORT = <PORT>
 
$db = new mysqli($DB_HOST, $DB_USER, $DB_PASSWORD, $DB_DATABASE,$DB_PORT);
$db->set_charset('utf8');
 
 
// create a new Langauge Object
$obj_lang = new Language($db);
 
// ideally pull this from a users profile.
$lang = $_REQUEST["lang"]; 
 
?>
 
<html>
<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
</head>
 
<body>
	<a href="index.php?lang=en"><?php echo $obj_lang->get('LANG_EN', $lang); ?></a>|<a href="index.php?lang=jp"><?php echo $obj_lang->get('LANG_JP', $lang); ?></a>|<a href="index.php?lang=zh"><?php echo $obj_lang->get('LANG_ZH', $lang); ?></a>
	<form>
		<?php echo $obj_lang->get('FNAME', $lang); ?>:<input type="text" name="firstname" /><br />
		<?php echo $obj_lang->get('LNAME', $lang); ?>:<input type="text" name="lastname" /><br />
		<select name="lang">
			<option value="en"><?php echo $obj_lang->get('LANG_EN', $lang); ?></option>
			<option value="jp"><?php echo $obj_lang->get('LANG_JP', $lang); ?></option>
			<option value="zh"><?php echo $obj_lang->get('LANG_ZH', $lang); ?></option>
		</select><br />
		<input type="submit" value=<?php echo $obj_lang->get('SUBMIT', $lang); ?> />
	</form> 
</body>
</html>

Again, the link to the demo using the following code can be found HERE
Hope this is useful to someone.
Note: these are recent updates. Let me know if you find any bugs. :) thanks

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John Conway’s Game of Life + Mutation (C/C++)

Posted under C/C++, General Development, Mathematics, Programming, Simulation, Software Development by Kenny on Tuesday 22 December 2009 at 7:37 am

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I’ve always been interested in AI, evolution simulations, and other interesting problems. But I will never forget one of my all time favorite classics, John Conway’s Game of Life..
This simulation implements a few just a few simple rules, yet relatively complex structures emerge.
The rules are:
1. Any live cell with fewer than two live neighbors dies, as if caused by underpopulation.
2. Any live cell with more than three live neighbors dies, as if by overcrowding.
3. Any live cell with two or three live neighbors lives on to the next generation.
4. Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbors becomes a live cell.

Below are some of the patterns that I found and thought were interesting:

Game of Life Simple Patterns Game of Life Complex Patterns

After watching many trails I noticed one thing immediately; The simulation always eventually “dies down”, or reaches some equilibrium state and it is usually comprised of a bunch of simple structures. So I decided to add a mutation factor to the simulation such that upon mutation, A living cell dies and a dead cell comes to life. This significantly increased the life of the simulation. In fact with the right mutation rate the simulation will continue endlessly.

In my quick little simulation I also introduced a “wrap around” feature so that structures can move infinitely in any direction.

The demo is written in C and uses the SDL Library for drawing the points and is in 640×480 resolution. The source can be downloaded here.
To Compile:
g++ main.cpp -o LIFE -lSDL
To Run:
./LIFE

Every thing from mutation rate to cell generation at startup is configurable. Read the ReadMe.txt file included to see what’s configurable.

Screenshots:

Life Screenshot Life Screenshot Life Screenshot Changed Rule

Notice that the 3rd Image is a result of changing rule 4 to ” Any dead cell with two or three live neighbors becomes a live cell.” (I made this typo when first writing the program and was surprised by the result :)) Try changing the rules and see what results you find.
I hope to release a more complex version in the future.

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